This seminar-style course questions the tension Peace versus Justice. It has two main objectives. On the one hand, it tends to give a complete picture of the theoretical approaches of conflict transformation. With these theoretical tools, students will be able to analyze the variables that explain why relationship between former adversaries can – or cannot – be transformed. On the other hand, the course stresses the scope and limits of reconciliation as a peace-building process. In this line, students will be able to question any concrete case of reconciliation - be it after an international war, an internal war or even a post-colonial war.